Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder that affects millions of children worldwide. In Bengal, this problem is called hyperactivity. A healthy-normal baby will be a little fussy. A healthy baby means a happy and playful child. But the real truth is, that hyperactivity does not mean ADHD. Children with ADHD often struggle with problems such as attention deficit, impulse control, hyperactivity, etc. This condition can significantly affect a child's academic performance, social relationships, and overall well-being. Parents, teachers, and health care providers need to have a detailed knowledge of ADHD to provide the right support and services when children have hyperactivity.
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Causes of hyperactivity in children
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, as its name implies, does not always cause attention deficits, but instead causes inconsistent attention that is activated only in certain situations. Although the exact cause of ADHD is still unknown, studies have shown that genetics, abnormalities in brain structure during early development, chemical imbalances, etc. can cause ADHD. ADHD is also thought to be caused by a combination of factors.
Who is at higher risk for ADHD?
- Risk factors for ADHD may include:
- Blood relatives, such as parents, and siblings, who have ADHD or other mental health disorders.
- Maternal use of various drugs, alcohol consumption, or smoking during pregnancy.
- Premature birth or premature birth.
- Epilepsy patient or family history of epilepsy.
- If the child has suffered a serious head injury during or after pregnancy.
- Neurotransmitters in the brain, particularly dopamine and norepinephrine, play an important role in regulating attention and emotion. An imbalance in these neurotransmitters can lead to symptoms of ADHD.
- Environmental factors such as maternal exposure to harmful toxic chemicals during pregnancy can cause the disease in children. Inability to hold attention
Symptoms of hyperactivity or ADHD
ADHD symptoms can manifest differently in children and may change as they grow. However, the two main types of symptoms are,
Inattention
Not being able to maintain attention when asked to do a task or play a sport, being careless, not being able to follow instructions, and forgetting daily activities. Often losing things like school books or toys are sign of neglect.
Hyperactivity/impulsivity
Not being able to sit still, excessive running and jumping even in inappropriate environments, constant fidgetiness in the classroom or other places, always being busy and keeping others busy, asking too many questions or talking or interrupting others, interrupting other children's play Giving etc. are signs of hyperactivity. It is important to remember, however, that while some degree of inattention and hyperactivity is normal in children, these symptoms are significantly more common in children with ADHD and cause disruption in their daily activities.
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How is ADHD diagnosed?
Diagnosing ADHD is a complex process. ADHD can be diagnosed through several tests. Pediatricians, child psychologists, and psychiatrists play an important role in the diagnosis of this disease in a joint effort. In this case, information about the child's behavior is required from family members, teachers, and other relatives. However, while diagnosing ADHD, it must be taken care that even if the symptoms of learning disability or learning disability, mental problems, depression, etc. are the same, it is not ADHD.
What can be the treatment of this disease?
ADHD can be cured to a large extent through treatment as advised by an experienced physician. It can be treated with medication or therapy, but a combination of both is best. Although ADHD cannot be completely cured with medication, it can help children focus, calm down, and control emotions. However, long-term use of these medicines can cause many side effects. Therefore, regular follow-up with the doctor is required and the dosage of the medicine must be controlled. There are also various therapies such as behavior therapy, social skills training, etc. Along with these, lifestyle modification, adequate sleep, balanced diet always ensure good health.
Parents need to give time to their children
Parents of children with hyperactivity or ADHD must keep in mind, such as understanding the difference between a child's ADHD and any other problem, informing the child's school and caregivers about the problem, and the side effects of any medication the child is taking regularly. Must be aware, family members and surrounding people should be given proper understanding about ADHD.
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